Saildrone 2021 Arctic field campaign for the Multi-Sensor Improved SST (MISST) project
(SAILDRONE_ARCTIC_2021)| Version | 1 |
| Processing Level | 2 |
| Start/Stop Date | 2021-Jul-06 to 2021-Oct-21 |
| Short Name | SAILDRONE_ARCTIC_2021 |
| Description | The Saildrone Arctic 2021 dataset presents a unique collection of high-quality, near real-time, multivariate surface ocean, and atmospheric observations obtained through the deployment of Saildrone, an innovative wind and solar-powered uncrewed surface vehicle (USV). Saildrone is capable of extended missions lasting up to 12 months, covering vast distances at typical speeds of 3-5 knots and operates autonomously, relying solely on wind propulsion, while its navigation can be remotely guided from land. The 2021 Saildrone Arctic campaign featured two Saildrone USVs deployed during a 76-day cruise in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, spanning from 6 July 2021 to 20 September 2021. The primary mission objective for 2021 was to gather comprehensive atmospheric and oceanographic data in Alaskan arctic waters, with special emphasis on better understanding the spatial/temporal scales of air-sea covariance in the Chukchi Sea, which was accomplished by running a series of parallel tracks using the two Saildrones at varying horizontal offsets. Please see the cruise report: https://archive.podaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/podaac-ops-cumulus-docs/insitu/open/L2/saildrone/docs/2021_Saildrone_Arctic_Cruise_Report.pdf During the Arctic campaign, Saildrones SD-1057 and SD-1058 ran transects in the Chukchi Sea, approaching the sea ice edge (up to 50 km away) to measure air-sea heat and momentum fluxes in the ocean near sea ice and to validate satellite sea-surface temperature measurements in the Arctic. Each Saildrone was equipped with a suite of instruments to measure various parameters, including air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, surface skin temperature, wind speed and direction, wave height and period, seawater temperature and salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and dissolved oxygen. Additionally, both vehicles utilized 300 kHz acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) to measure near-surface currents.\ The Saildrone Arctic 2021 dataset, part of the Multi-sensor Improved Sea-Surface Temperature (MISST) project, encompasses two netCDF format files for each deployed Saildrone. The first file integrates saildrone platform telemetry and surface observational data at 1-minute temporal resolution including key parameters such as air temperature, sea surface skin, and bulk temperatures, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, barometric pressure, and wind speed and direction. The second file focuses on ADCP current vector data, providing depth-resolved information to 100m at 2m intervals and binned temporally at 5-minute resolution. This project, funded by NASA through the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP), demonstrates a commitment to advancing scientific understanding of the Arctic environment through innovative and autonomous observational technologies. The Saildrone Arctic 2021 dataset, part of the Multi-sensor Improved Sea-Surface Temperature (MISST) project, encompasses two netCDF format files for each deployed Saildrone. The first file integrates saildrone platform telemetry and surface observational data at 1-minute temporal resolution including key parameters such as air temperature, sea surface skin, and bulk temperatures, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, barometric pressure, and wind speed and direction. The second file focuses on ADCP current vector data, providing depth-resolved information to 100m at 2m intervals and binned temporally at 5-minute resolution. This project, funded by NASA through the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP), demonstrates a commitment to advancing scientific understanding of the Arctic environment through innovative and autonomous observational technologies. |
| DOI | 10.5067/SDRON-ARC21 |
| Measurement | OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY OCEANS > OCEAN WINDS > SURFACE WINDS OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION OCEANS > OCEAN WINDS > SURFACE WINDS OCEANS > OCEAN WINDS > SURFACE WINDS OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > CHLOROPHYLL OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE HEIGHT OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE PERIOD OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS |
| Platform/Sensor | Saildrone / Platform Name: (Saildrone) CTD SENSOR Name: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) Saildrone / Platform Name: (Saildrone) ADCP SENSOR Name: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Saildrone / Platform Name: (Saildrone) ANEMOMETERS SENSOR Name: ANEMOMETERS (ANEMOMETERS) Saildrone / Platform Name: (Saildrone) FLUOROMETERS SENSOR Name: FLUOROMETERS (FLUOROMETERS) Saildrone / Platform Name: (Saildrone) TEMPERATURE SENSORS SENSOR Name: TEMPERATURE SENSORS (TEMPERATURE SENSORS) Show More |
| Project | Multi-Sensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature Project (MISST) |
| Data Provider | Publisher: PO.DAAC Creator: Saildrone, Inc Release Place: Saildrone, Alameda, CA Release Date: 2022-Aug-15 Resource: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/Saildrone/ |
| Format | netCDF-4 |
| Keyword(s) | Saildrone, CTD, trajectory, salinity, conductivity, temperature, depth, pressure, upper ocean, Pacific Ocean, in situ, ADCP, fluorometer, anemometer, surface, chlorophyll-a, oxygen concentration, wind speed, wind direction, Arctic, NOPP, MISST, insitu, NASA |
Resolution Temporal Resolution: 1 minute - < 1 hour Coverage Region: ARCTIC OCEAN North Bounding Coordinate: 71 degrees South Bounding Coordinate: 65 degrees West Bounding Coordinate: -168 degrees East Bounding Coordinate: -164.5 degrees Time Span: 2021-Jul-06 to 2021-Oct-21 |
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| us-west-2 | |
| podaac-ops-cumulus-protected/SAILDRONE_ARCTIC_2021/ | |
| podaac-ops-cumulus-public/SAILDRONE_ARCTIC_2021/ | |
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| Name | Long Name | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| BARO_PRES_MEAN | Air pressure | hPa |
| BARO_PRES_STDDEV | Air pressure SD | hPa |
| BKSCT_RED_MEAN | Optical backscatter at 650 nm | (m sr)-1 |
| BKSCT_RED_STDDEV | Optical backscatter at 650 nm SD | (m sr)-1 |
| bt_amp | bottom track echo amplitude | Counts |
| bt_cor | Bottom track correlation | Counts |
| bt_percent_good | Bottom track percent good | Percent |
| bt_range | Bottom track range | cm |
| bt_vel_east | Bottom track velocity east | (mm)s-1 |
| bt_vel_north | Bottom track velocity north | (mm)s-1 |
| bt_vel_up | Bottom track velocity up | (mm)s-1 |
| CDOM_MEAN | CDOM concentration | ppb |
| CDOM_STDDEV | CDOM concentration SD | ppb |
| cell_depth | Depth of ADCP Measurement | m |
| CHLOR_WETLABS_MEAN | Chlorophyll concentration | microgram L-1 |
| CHLOR_WETLABS_STDDEV | Chlorophyll concentration SD | microgram L-1 |
| COG | Course over ground | degree |
| COG_FILTERED_MEAN | Course over ground one minute mean | degree |
| COG_FILTERED_STDDEV | Course over ground one minute stddev | degree |
| COND_SBE37_MEAN | Seawater conductivity | mS cm-1 |
| COND_SBE37_STDDEV | Seawater conductivity SD | mS cm-1 |
| correlation | Correlation | Counts |
| echo_intensity | Echo amplitude | Counts |
| error_vel | Error of velocity | ms-1 |
| GUST_WND_MEAN | Wind gust speed | m s-1 |
| GUST_WND_STDDEV | Wind gust speed SD | m s-1 |
| HDG | Vehicle heading | degree |
| HDG_FILTERED_MEAN | Vehicle heading one minute mean | degree |
| HDG_FILTERED_STDDEV | Vehicle heading one minute stddev | degree |
| HDG_WING | Wing heading | degree |
| heading | Vehicle heading | Degree |
| latitude | Latitude | degrees_north |
| longitude | Longitude | degrees_east |
| nav_end_latitude | Latitude of ensemble end | degrees_north |
| nav_end_longitude | Longitude of ensemble end | degrees_east |
| nav_end_time | Navigation end time | seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 |
| nav_start_latitude | Latitude of ensemble start | degrees_north |
| nav_start_longitude | Longitude of ensemble start | degrees_east |
| nav_start_time | Navigation start time | seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 |
| O2_CONC_SBE37_MEAN | Oxygen concentration | micromol L-1 |
| O2_CONC_SBE37_STDDEV | Oxygen concentration SD | micromol L-1 |
| O2_SAT_SBE37_MEAN | Oxygen saturation | percent |
| O2_SAT_SBE37_STDDEV | Oxygen saturation SD | percent |
| PAR_AIR_MEAN | Photosynthetically active radiation in air | micromol s-1 m-2 |
| PAR_AIR_STDDEV | Photosynthetically active radiation in air SD | micromol s-1 m-2 |
| percent_good | Percent good using 3 or 4 beam solutions | Percent |
| percent_good_3_beam | Percent good using 3 beam solution | Percent |
| percent_good_4_beam | Percent good using 4 beam solution | Percent |
| pitch | platform pitch angle | Degree |
| PITCH_FILTERED_MEAN | Vehicle pitch one minute mean | degree |
| PITCH_FILTERED_PEAK | Vehicle pitch one minute peak | degree |
| PITCH_FILTERED_STDDEV | Vehicle pitch one minute stddev | degree |
| RH_MEAN | Relative humidity | percent |
| RH_STDDEV | Relative humidity SD | percent |
| roll | platform roll angle | Degree |
| ROLL_FILTERED_MEAN | Vehicle roll one minute mean | degree |
| ROLL_FILTERED_PEAK | Vehicle roll one minute peak | degree |
| ROLL_FILTERED_STDDEV | Vehicle roll one minute stddev | degree |
| SAL_SBE37_MEAN | Seawater salinity | 1 |
| SAL_SBE37_STDDEV | Seawater salinity SD | 1 |
| SOG | Speed over ground | m s-1 |
| SOG_FILTERED_MAX | Speed over ground one minute max | m s-1 |
| SOG_FILTERED_MEAN | Speed over ground one minute mean | m s-1 |
| SOG_FILTERED_MIN | Speed over ground one minute min | m s-1 |
| SOG_FILTERED_STDDEV | Speed over ground one minute stddev | m s-1 |
| TEMP_AIR_MEAN | Air temperature | degrees_c |
| TEMP_AIR_STDDEV | Air temperature SD | degrees_c |
| TEMP_IR_SEA_WING_UNCOMP_MEAN | Wing Sea IR Temperature | degrees_c |
| TEMP_IR_SEA_WING_UNCOMP_STDDEV | Wing Sea IR Temperature SD | degrees_c |
| TEMP_SBE37_MEAN | Seawater temperature | degrees_c |
| TEMP_SBE37_STDDEV | Seawater temperature SD | degrees_c |
| time | time | Seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 |
| trajectory | Trajectory / Drone ID | |
| UWND_MEAN | Eastward wind speed | m s-1 |
| UWND_STDDEV | Eastward wind speed SD | m s-1 |
| vehicle_vel_east | Vehicle velocity eastward | (mm)s-1 |
| vehicle_vel_north | Vehicle velocity northward | (mm)s-1 |
| vehicle_vel_up | Vehicle velocity upward | (mm)s-1 |
| vel_east | East velocity | ms-1 |
| vel_north | North velocity | ms-1 |
| vel_up | Vertical velocity up | ms-1 |
| VWND_MEAN | Northward wind speed | m s-1 |
| VWND_STDDEV | Northward wind speed SD | m s-1 |
| WATER_CURRENT_DIRECTION_MEAN | Water Current Direction | degree |
| WATER_CURRENT_SPEED_MEAN | Water Current Speed | m s-1 |
| WAVE_DOMINANT_PERIOD | Dominant wave period | s |
| WAVE_SIGNIFICANT_HEIGHT | Significant wave height | m |
| WIND_FROM_MEAN | Wind from | degree |
| WIND_FROM_STDDEV | Wind from SD | degree |
| WIND_MEASUREMENT_HEIGHT_MEAN | Wind measurement height | m |
| WIND_MEASUREMENT_HEIGHT_STDDEV | Wind measurement height SD | m |
| WIND_SPEED_MEAN | Wind speed | m s-1 |
| WIND_SPEED_STDDEV | Wind speed SD | m s-1 |
| WING_ANGLE | Wing angle | degree |
| WING_HDG_FILTERED_MEAN | Wing heading one minute mean | degree |
| WING_HDG_FILTERED_STDDEV | Wing heading one minute stddev | degree |
| WING_PITCH_FILTERED_MEAN | Wing pitch one minute mean | degree |
| WING_PITCH_FILTERED_PEAK | Wing pitch one minute peak | degree |
| WING_PITCH_FILTERED_STDDEV | Wing pitch one minute stddev | degree |
| WING_ROLL_FILTERED_MEAN | Wing roll one minute mean | degree |
| WING_ROLL_FILTERED_PEAK | Wing roll one minute peak | degree |
| WING_ROLL_FILTERED_STDDEV | Wing roll one minute stddev | degree |
| WWND_MEAN | Downward wind speed | m s-1 |
| WWND_STDDEV | Downward wind speed SD | m s-1 |
| DATA CITATION POLICY | |
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| USER'S GUIDE | |
| DATA RECIPE | |
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| Citation | Saildrone, Inc. 2022. Saildrone 2021 Arctic field campaign for the Multi-Sensor Improved SST (MISST) project. Ver. 1. PO.DAAC, CA, USA. Dataset accessed [YYYY-MM-DD] at https://doi.org/10.5067/SDRON-ARC21
For more information see Data Citations and Acknowledgments.
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| Journal Reference | Gentemann, C. L., Scott, J. P., Mazzini, P. L. F., Pianca, C., Akella, S., Minnett, P. J., Cornillon, P., Fox-Kemper, B., Cetinić, I., Chin, T. M., Gomez-Valdes, J., Vazquez-Cuervo, J., Tsontos, V., Yu, L., Jenkins, R., De Halleux, S., Peacock, D., & Cohen, N. 2020. Saildrone: Adaptively Sampling the Marine Environment, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101, 6. https://doi.org//10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0015.1 Vazquez-Cuervo J, Castro SL, Steele M, Gentemann C, Gomez-Valdes J, Tang W.. 2022. Comparison of GHRSST SST Analysis in the Arctic Ocean and Alaskan Coastal Waters Using Saildrones, Remote Sensing, 14, 3. https://doi.org//10.3390/rs14030692 |
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